Diabetes may leave you more susceptible to skin problems, including bacterial and fungal infections. Diabetes increases the risk of serious eye diseases, such as cataracts and glaucoma, and may damage the blood vessels of the retina, potentially leading to blindness. Diabetes may lead to chronic kidney disease or irreversible end-stage kidney disease, which may require dialysis or a kidney transplant. For men, nerve damage may cause erectile dysfunction. Nerve damage in the digestive system can cause problems with nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or constipation. Damage to nerves of the heart can contribute to irregular heart rhythms. High blood sugar over time can damage or destroy nerves, resulting in tingling, numbness, burning, pain or eventual loss of feeling that usually begins at the tips of the toes or fingers and gradually spreads upward. Diabetes is associated with an increased risk of heart disease, stroke, high blood pressure and narrowing of blood vessels (atherosclerosis). Potential complications of diabetes and frequent comorbidities include: Managing diabetes and controlling your blood sugar can lower your risk for these complications or coexisting conditions (comorbidities). Also, factors that increase the risk of diabetes are risk factors for other serious chronic diseases. Type 2 diabetes affects many major organs, including your heart, blood vessels, nerves, eyes and kidneys. This condition often indicates insulin resistance. Areas of darkened skin, usually in the armpits and neck.Having polycystic ovary syndrome - a common condition characterized by irregular menstrual periods, excess hair growth and obesity - increases the risk of diabetes Your risk of developing type 2 diabetes increases if you developed gestational diabetes when you were pregnant or if you gave birth to a baby weighing more than 9 pounds (4 kilograms). Left untreated, prediabetes often progresses to type 2 diabetes. Prediabetes is a condition in which your blood sugar level is higher than normal, but not high enough to be classified as diabetes. The risk of type 2 diabetes increases as you get older, especially after age 35. An increased risk is associated with low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol - the "good" cholesterol - and high levels of triglycerides. Although it's unclear why, people of certain races and ethnicities - including Black, Hispanic, Native American and Asian people, and Pacific Islanders - are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes than white people are. The risk of type 2 diabetes increases if your parent or sibling has type 2 diabetes. Physical activity helps control your weight, uses up glucose as energy and makes your cells more sensitive to insulin. The less active you are, the greater your risk. Your risk of type 2 diabetes rises if you're a man with a waist circumference above 40 inches (101.6 centimeters) or a woman with a measurement above 35 inches (88.9 centimeters). Storing fat mainly in your abdomen - rather than your hips and thighs - indicates a greater risk. Being overweight or obese is a main risk. Risk factorsįactors that may increase your risk of type 2 diabetes include: In the less common type 1 diabetes, the immune system mistakenly destroys the beta cells, leaving the body with little to no insulin. Eventually these cells become impaired and can't make enough insulin to meet the body's demands. As blood sugar levels increase, the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas release more insulin. Instead of moving into your cells, sugar builds up in your bloodstream. In type 2 diabetes, this process doesn't work well.
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